The Ultimate Guide to Exfoliants: Types & Best Practices
Learn all about the differences between exfoliation and peeling and how to seamlessly incorporate various types of exfoliants into your beauty routine.
Image source: Freepik
The beauty industry is always introducing new ideas for skincare routines, but that doesn’t mean we should overlook the basics. One essential step when building a good skincare routine is proper exfoliation to remove micro-impurities and dead skin cells.
In this guide, we’ll dive into the benefits, explore the differences between exfoliants, and discover how to incorporate them into your skincare routine. So, let’s get started!
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What Are Exfoliants?
Exfoliants are skincare products or ingredients designed to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. They come in various forms, from gentle to more aggressive options, all with one mission – to cleanse and beautify your skin.
With regular use, exfoliants remove dirt from the pores, which leads to the normalization of the production of sebum. They can also contribute to the circulation of nutrients in healthy skin cells.
Image source: Freepik
The Benefits of Exfoliants
By introducing exfoliants to your skincare routine, you will achieve stimulation of skin cell turnover and begin to notice numerous benefits.
Our skin is exposed 24/7 to internal and external influences. These include the radiance factor, air pollution, sweat, and makeup.
During this time, dead skin cells accumulate and create a rough texture. It’s not exactly a joy to touch or behold, but that’s how nature arranged it. Exfoliants can help create a smoother texture, a radiant glow, and a healthy complexion.
Bottom line – healthy skin lies beneath the surface. Exfoliation removes lifeless, damaged skin and releases a glowing complexion. Let’s take a look at all the benefits of using exfoliants:
- Increased collagen production – improved skin texture and a velvety skin feel
- Reduced hyperpigmentation – peeling helps remove pigmented dead skin cells faster
- Acne prevention – peeling provides opening and cleaning of pores, which is the best prevention of problematic facial skin
- Reduces wrinkles and fine lines – dead cells additionally highlight all lines, blemishes, and irregularities, and exfoliation erases signs of aging
What Does It Mean to Exfoliate?
First, let’s clarify something – skin peeling is a natural process through which the skin sheds dead skin cells, promoting new, healthier skin cells (every 27 days or so).
However, as we age, this process tends to slow down, resulting in a buildup of dead skin cells on the surface. The consequences of this process include:
- Dull complexion
- Uneven skin tone
- Fine lines and wrinkles
That’s why you need a booster like an exfoliator, which will dissolve the bonds that hold these cells together. Also, acne-prone skin can benefit from exfoliation because it opens clogged pores, but be careful not to overdo it!
Is Exfoliation the Same as Peeling?
Although they are very similar, we cannot say they are synonymous. All types of peelings are exfoliators, but not all exfoliators are peeling.
It’s simple – exfoliation is a broader term that includes various methods of removing dead skin cells and promoting skin renewal. Peeling, on the other hand, is associated with shedding or sloughing processes.
When choosing a peel, consider your skin type and sensitivity. Excessive or overly aggressive exfoliation can cause skin irritation, dryness, and sensitivity. Understanding these characteristics helps choose the right products or treatments for specific skincare goals.
The Most Popular Types of Exfoliants
To fully grasp the essence and mechanisms of various exfoliants, you should tailor them to individual skin needs. So, let’s break them down into three major categories:
| Exfoliants | Types | Benefits |
| Chemical Exfoliation | • Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) • Beta-Hydroxy Acids (BHAs) | • Reduction of pigmentation • Acne and acne scars prevention |
| Enzymatic Exfoliation | • Fruit Enzymes • Microbial Enzymes | • Pore minimizing properties • Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles • Gentle for all skin types |
| Mechanical Exfoliation | • Scrubs • Microdermabrasion • Dermaplaning | • Smoother skin • Improved skin texture • Removal of dead skin cells |
Chemical Exfoliation
Chemical exfoliation is achieved by using one of two types of chemicals: AHAs (alpha-hydroxy acids) or BHAs (beta-hydroxy acids).
These acids target clogged pores and penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, providing benefits to oily, acne-prone, and sun-damaged skin.
Learn more about the differences between AHA and BHA acids by reading our comprehensive guide here.
Enzymatic Exfoliation
The most gentle type of peeling, for sure! Thus, it is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
Enzymes are a type of protein derived from fruits and vegetables. They are extracted through fermentation and are used to break down proteins in the outer layer of the skin.
This helps dead skin cells come off, leaving the skin smoother and softer, with fewer discolorations.
Read more about the enzyme peel and how it can benefit you here.
Mechanical Exfoliation
People know this type of exfoliation best because it involves using a textured product with your hands. Scrubs can have positive effects because they affect only the first layer of the skin without over-drying it.
On the other hand, they can be a little harsh for sensitive skin. If you have rosacea or inflamed acne, skip mechanical exfoliants.
Physical vs. Chemical Exfoliation
Physical exfoliants contain granular substances like fruit seeds or bamboo. The best way to use them is to gently rub them into the skin without rough movements that can disrupt the skin barrier.
Chemical exfoliants are acids (AHAs and BHAs). AHA acids work on the surface of your skin, while BHA acids penetrate deeper into the pores.
While physical exfoliants provide a physical scrubbing action, chemical exfoliants claim to offer a deeper, more effective treatment.
Consider skin type, concerns, and desired outcomes when choosing between these methods. Additionally, regularity of use, potential side effects, and individual preferences play crucial roles.
@eva.createcolor What is an Exfoliante? Skincare for beginners. #skincareee #skincaretipp #skintips💕 ♬ Ven Bailalo - Reggaeton Mix - Angel y Khriz
How to Choose Exfoliants That Work Best for Your Skin Type
Tailor your choice of exfoliants based on the following skin type categories:
Sensitive Skin
If every exfoliator is too harsh for your skin, consider using the Dermalogica Daily Microfoliant. It features a unique, rice-based enzyme powder, providing a soft, non-abrasive texture that will not irritate.
Oily Skin
If you have a problem with excess sebum, you will need a product to address excess oil while maintaining skin balance. Neutrogena Exfoliator is a refreshing option that contains the essence of lime and the soothing properties of Aloe Vera.
Normal/Combo Skin
Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting serum contains 2% salicylic acid (BHA) and efficiently eliminates dead skin cells, clears pores, and addresses breakouts.
It proves advantageous for individuals with normal to dry skin, making this serum compatible with various skin types, all thanks to its non-drying formulation.
Mature/Aging Skin
Look for products with antioxidants and gentle ingredients like glycolic acid. To address fine lines, try the CeraVe Nightly Exfoliator.
While glycolic and lactic acid remove dead skin cells, ceramides strengthen the skin’s natural barrier and minimize moisture loss. In this way, collagen production increases, and the face’s youthful appearance is maintained.
NOTE
Remember, the best exfoliators are those with gentle ingredients, especially if your skin is sensitive, oily, or unpredictable. Your skin routine method is crucial, so integrate exfoliation wisely.
How to Properly Prepare Your Skin for Exfoliants
Before starting the exfoliation process, it’s important to cleanse your skin with lukewarm water and your regular daily cleanser. Make sure not to use hot water or aggressive motions as this can irritate your skin and make the exfoliation process much harsher than it normally is.
After cleansing, you can skip to applying your chosen exfoliants and gently massage them in by using circular motions.
Although those are the basic steps to take before exfoliating, it’s essential not to overlook daily hydration as it can have a great impact on the results of your exfoliation. Hydrated skin and a healthy skin barrier are crucial for preventing any exfoliant-related side effects.
Use ingredients like hyaluronic acid, centella asiatica, ceramide, and aloe vera for hydration and calming effects before exfoliation.
Image source: Freepik
How to Use Exfoliants
When your skin is prepared and ready, we can talk about the application. It is not rocket science, but you should make informed decisions. That way, you will unlock all the benefits without beginners’ mistakes.
- Look for the concentration percentage – If the enzymes are last in the list of ingredients, it’s not enough.
- Store them in a cool, dark place – Many enzymes have a short shelf life and react to external factors.
- Read the instructions for use – Apply the product for a certain period, but do not leave it on the skin all day.
EXTRA TIP
Always listen to your skin, test a small area before going all-in, and consider a gentler option.
Potential Exfoliants Side Effects
To use an exfoliator properly, you need to research its side effects. Let’s keep your skincare routine on the right track and trouble-free.
- Irritated skin – you can experience redness, irritation, or stinging sensations
- Over-exfoliation – the risk of excessive dryness, flakiness, or increased sensitivity
- Sun sensitivity – without sunscreen, there is a risk of sun damage
- Breakouts – an increased number of acne can occur due to changes in Ph levels
Difference Between Professional and At-Home Exfoliation
Since most exfoliating treatments can be done at home, many people opt for a DIY approach, but is it truly the best option for gaining all the benefits of exfoliants? Check out our professional vs at-home exfoliation comparison below!
Skill set
Choosing a professional over an at-home treatment is like hiring a skilled chef to make a gourmet meal.
But it’s not all about making it look luxurious – it’s more about adapting the exfoliation treatment to your specific skin needs and an experienced professional has the upper hand.
Image source: Freepik
High-End Tools
Beauty salons contain high-end gadgets and advanced tools which are designed to provide effective exfoliation but minimize the risk of over-exfoliating and damaging the skin when used by an experienced expert.
But, at-home exfoliators are DIY delights and easy to use.
Cost Considerations
We’ve talked a lot about the quality of professional service, but that comes with a price. At-home products are often more budget-friendly, and you can use them repeatedly so you’re gonna get more bang for your buck!
Exfoliants: Main Takeaways
Exfoliants are tools that deeply clean the skin and can be found in different applications. The most popular uses of exfoliants are in the form of scrubs but keep in mind other options.
Someone with sensitive skin will undoubtedly be more interested in a chemical or enzyme exfoliant. To experience transformative benefits like increased collagen production or acne prevention, decide based on your skin’s individual needs.
You already have all the tailored recommendations for various skin types and proper application for optimal results in this guide. Now that you’ve done your homework, all that’s left to do is choose your favorite exfoliant.
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